Attracting and retaining people to live, work, raise a family, and retire underlies the economic vitality of any region. Population growth is both a cause--and a consequence--of economic growth. Patterns of population growth and change reflect differences among regions to attract and retain people both as producers and consumers in their economy.

The following graphs offer a broad overview of trends in the pattern of population growth and change of New Haven County with comparisons to Connecticut and the nation at large. This analysis features alternative approaches toward discussing, diagnosing and comparing New Haven County vs. Connecticut's population growth over 1969-2022. The data used are those compiled by the Regional Income and Product Divisions of the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce.

Figure 1 tracks New Haven County's annual population for the period 1969-2022 to illustrate population patterns over time. During this 54-year period, New Haven County's population rose from 747,063 in 1969 to 869,527 in 2022, for a net gain of 122,464, or 16.39%.

NOTE: The county and state population totals reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) are from the Bureau of Census midyear (July 1) estimates. These estimates may differ from those prepared independently in some states by various agencies and/or universities.

Figure 2 traces Connecticut's annual population for the period 1969-2022 to illustrate population patterns over time. During this 54-year period, Connecticut's population rose from 3,000,000 in 1969 to 3,626,205 in 2022, for a net gain of 626,205, or 20.87%.

NOTE: The county and state population totals reported by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) are from the Bureau of Census midyear (July 1) estimates. These estimates may differ from those prepared independently in some states by various agencies and/or universities.

Figure 3 shows New Haven County's population growth in a broader context by offering direct comparisons across time with Connecticut, the United States. The growth indices shown here express each region's population in 1969 as a base figure of 100, and the populations in later years as a percentage of the 1969 base figure. This method allows for more direct comparison of differences in population growth between regions that may differ vastly in size.

New Haven County's overall population growth was 16.39% over 1969-2022 trailed Connecticut's increase of 20.87%, and fell below the United States' increase of 65.57%.

Another interesting and insightful way of highlighting the population growth of New Haven County is to compare its individual percentage contributions to Connecticut's statewide population over time, as shown in Figure 4. A rising share means a region's population grew faster, or declined less, than Connecticut's population, while a declining share shows it grew more slowly.

In 1969, New Haven County's population totaled 24.90% of Connecticut's population, while in 2022 it totaled 23.98% thereby yielding a -0.92% share-shift.

Figure 5 shows the short-run pattern of New Haven County's population growth by tracking the year-to-year percent change over 1970-2022. The average annual percent change for the entire 53-year period is also traced on this chart to provide a benchmark for gauging periods of relative high--and relative low--growth against the backdrop of the long-term average.

On average, New Haven County's population grew at an annual rate of 0.29% over 1970-2022. The county posted its highest growth in 1971 (1.28%) and recorded its lowest growth in 2019 (-0.22%). In 2022, New Haven County's population grew by 0.04%

Over the past five decades some counties have experienced extreme swings in growth, and often such swings have tended to coincide with the decades themselves. Figure 6 again shows the annual percent change in New Haven County's population since 1970, but this time they are overlayed with average growth rates for the decade of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020-2022.

During the 1970s, New Haven County's annual population growth rate averaged 0.18%. It averaged 0.56% during the 1980s, 0.20% during the 1990s, 0.47% during the 2000s, 0.05% throughout the 2010s, 0.18% thus far this decade (2020-2022).

Figure 7 compares the decade average growth rates for New Haven County noted in the previous graph with the corresponding decade averages for Connecticut and the nation. As the chart reveals, New Haven County's average annual population growth recorded under Connecticut's average during the 1970s (0.18% vs. 0.33%), posted below Connecticut's average throughout the 1980s (0.56% vs. 0.58%), lagged Connecticut's average during the 1990s (0.20% vs. 0.31%), fell below Connecticut's average in the 2000s (0.47% vs. 0.51%), trailed Connecticut's average during the 2010s (0.05% vs. 0.13%), and outperformed Connecticut's average over the 3 year period of the current decade, 2020-2022 (0.18% vs. 0.18%).

Finally, relative to nationwide population growth trends, New Haven County fell below the nation over the 1970s (0.18% vs. 1.10%), recorded underneath the nation during the 1980s (0.56% vs. 0.95%), recorded underneath the nation in the 1990s (0.20% vs. 1.23%), fell below the nation in the 2000s (0.47% vs. 0.95%), posted below the nation during the 2010s (0.05% vs. 0.74%), and fell below the nation over 2020-2022 (0.18% vs. 0.31%).